WELCOME TO PHILOSOPHY 2!

 

INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC

 

SANDRA LA FAVE

 

FALL 2006

 

 

 

COURSE OBJECTIVES

People often claim that their conclusions “follow from” their premises; but that claim is not always true. When you have acquired the skills taught in this class, you will be able to confidently assess whether or not, or to what extent, conclusions really are supported by premises. Thus, all tasks and assignments in this class have the same end in view: to enable you to evaluate reasoning, both your own and that of others. Your own arguments will become more precise and persuasive, and you will develop greater resistance to invalid arguments.

 

You will learn to recognize correct and incorrect forms of reasoning and to apply the principles of correct reasoning. These principles are embodied in several formal techniques (like arithmetic techniques) for determining whether or not conclusions follow. You are expected to become proficient at these techniques. About 60% of the class time will be spent perfecting these techniques.

 

About 20% of the class will be devoted to the informal analysis of arguments. You will learn to diagnose common informal fallacies in both deductive and inductive reasoning, and to identify vagueness and clarify meanings. You will learn to distinguish scientific reasoning from other types of reasoning, and become familiar with techniques of scientific reasoning.

 

 

Disabled students: West Valley College makes reasonable accommodations for persons with documented disabilities. College materials will be available in alternate formats (Braille, audio, electronic format, or large print) upon request. Please contact the Disability and Educational Support Program at (408) 741-2010 (voice) or (408) 741-2658 (TTY) for assistance.

 

 

REQUIRED TEXT

Patrick J. Hurley, A Concise Introduction to Logic, 7th or 8th  or 9th editions, paperback or hardcover, with Logic Coach CD (Wadsworth).

 

The WVC bookstore will stock only the latest (i.e., most expensive hardcover) 9th edition of this text; the price for the new hardcover will be at least $110. 

 

You can get the 9th edition cheaper if you shop online. Search for the ISBN.  The hardcover ISBN for the 9th edition is 0534585051; the paperback of the 9th edition is 0495000264. If you want the 9th edition Study Guide bundled with the text (not required), the ISBN is 0495033456.

 

The 7th and 8th editions of the text work as well as the 9th edition. These editions are out of print, but there are lots of used ones for sale, for ridiculously low prices (starting under $3.00).  Just be sure the CD with Logic Coach software is included; some of the cheapest used books do NOT include the CD.  Search for any of the following:

 

ISBN 0534584918        8th edition hardcover

ISBN 0534584845        8th edition paperback

ISBN 0534584829        8th edition hardcover

ISBN 0534520073        7th edition

ISBN 0534520065        7th edition

ISBN 0534713416        7th edition and bundled Study Guide

 

It is not necessary to purchase "InfoTrac" (a search engine for research papers) with the book. You need only the CD with the practice and homework exercises.

 

Copies of the text (7th edition) and the Instructor's Manual are on reserve in the library. The instructor's manual contains answers to all problems in the text, as well as sample exams, with answers.

 

 

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE

 

Week of

Topic

Text (sections)


Aug 28

Recognizing Arguments

1.1 - 1.4

Inductive and Deductive Arguments

Validity, Soundness, Strength, Cogency


Sept 4

Logical Form and Counterexample Method

1.5


Sept 11, 18

Meaning and Definition

2.1 - 2.5


Sept 25, Oct 2

Informal Fallacies

3.1 - 3.4


Oct 9

Catch-up


Oct 16

Categorical Statements

4.1 - 4.4

Venn Diagrams

Contradictories

Immediate Inferences


Oct 23

Translating to Standard Form

4.7


Oct 30, Nov 6

Syllogisms

5.1 - 5.5


Nov 13

Validity in propositional logic

6.1 - 6.2

Truth-functional connectives


Nov 20

Using truth tables to prove tautology, contradiction, equivalence

6.3

Using truth tables to prove validity or invalidity

6.4

The Indirect Method

6.5


Nov 28

Argument forms and formal fallacies

6.6

Propositional Logic and Computers


Dec 4

Natural Deduction

7.1 - 7.4


Dec 11

FINAL EXAM WEEK - No Classes


YOUR FINAL: Monday Dec 11 9:40 – 11:40 AM


 

 

GENERAL INFORMATION

My office hours are Monday and Wednesday 11:00 AM to 12:30 PM. No appointment is needed for office hours. If you want to see me at some other time, please make an appointment.

 

My office is Music 4 (in the Music Department, near the campus theater). My phone number is 741-2549. This number has phone-mail. If you want me to get back to you, be sure to indicate how and when I can contact you. If you do not specify a time (within regular business hours, please), I will return your call during my next office hour.

 

My e-mail address is sandy_lafave@westvalley.edu.

 

It is not necessary to call to tell me you are going to be absent for class, unless the absence will be prolonged (3 or more consecutive classes). I will not return calls for information that is available on this syllabus, e.g., what was or will be covered in any class you may miss.

 

Tape recording of lectures is not permitted, except for DSPS students with documented learning disability.

 

 

EXPECTATIONS REGARDING STUDENT CONDUCT

Attendance is required. If you are counted absent for more than five class meetings, the maximum grade you can receive is D, regardless of your grades on exams. Exceptions to this policy require documentation of extreme emergency.

 

I make important announcements and give handouts at the beginning of the class session. Announcements are not repeated — either in or out of class — for the benefit of latecomers.

 

Persistent lateness, talking in class, sleeping in class, leaving early, etc., show disrespect for me and also for your classmates. Your grade is also likely to be affected. For example, I am far less inclined to award the higher grade on a “borderline” answer if the student has been frequently late, absent, or disruptive, on grounds that such a student is simply less likely to have produced the better answer.

 

Any student who violates the academic code (e.g., by cheating or plagiarism) will, at minimum, receive a final course grade of F. This rule is rigidly enforced.

 

According to the catalog, instructors may drop students “... when accumulated hours of absences exceed ten percent of the total number of hours the class meets during the semester.” I may exercise this option. But the main responsibility lies with you. If you want to drop the class, it is YOUR responsibility to do so.

 

 

GRADING

There will be five exams — four midterms and the final exam. The exams consist of true-false, multiple choice, etc., questions. They mainly consist of problems comparable to homework problems. Each of the first four tests counts 16% of the final grade. The final exam counts 30%. Homework counts 6% of the grade.

 

SUMMARY:

Test #1 (on Ch 1)

16%

Test #2 (on Ch 2)

16%

Test #3 (on Ch 3)

16%

Test #4 (on Ch 4 and 5)

16%

Final Exam (comprehensive)

30%

Homework

6%

 

Tests must be taken on the appointed day. Except in cases of extreme, documented emergency, no make-up tests will be given.

 

Homework

 

What are the homework assignments?
All homework assignments are listed at the end of this syllabus.

 

When is homework due?
All homework is due the day of the final exam.

 

If you use the Logic Coach software, you can do much of your homework on a computer and print the results using the Logic Coach Print command.  This saves you having to write out the answers.  I will check homework for completeness. Since you will be able to get the answer to any homework problem in class or from the instructor’s manual in the library or (for many exercises) from the Logic Coach CD, we will not go over all homework problems in class, and I will assume everyone's homework is perfect, that is, all problems done correctly. 

 

I highly recommend that you keep current on homework. Many students fall behind assuming they can catch up at any time. My experience is that while a few students can succeed in the class without doing much homework, most students need to do homework regularly. Learning logic is like learning math or a language; regular practice really helps. The most common recommendation made by your fellow students in previous years’ evaluations for this course is “Do the homework and don’t get behind”. You are responsible for keeping current on homework; I will not be reminding you.

 

Exemption from Handing in Homework

After the first three tests, students whose average of all test grades so far is 95 or higher (no rounding up) are exempt from handing in homework, and will receive all homework points automatically. You become exempt as soon as your average test score goes above 95, and you may become exempt as early as after Test 3. You remain exempt even if your average subsequently drops below 95.

 

Credit/No Credit Option

This class can be taken for credit/no credit. This means that if you get an A, B, or C, you get a final grade of “CR” and 3 units; otherwise, you get “NCR” and no units. Please let me know in writing no later than one week after return of the first exam. No special notification is required if you want to take the class for a letter grade.

 

 

HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENTS

 

Section             Group                        Do these

1.1                   I                                1-20

                        III                             all

                        IV                              all

1.2                   I                                1-10

                        III                             2, 9

                        IV                              all

                        V                               all

1.3                   I                                1-20

                        II, III                         all

1.4                   I, II                           all

                        III                             1-10

                        IV, V                          all

1.5                   I                                1-5

 

2.1                   III                             all

2.2                   I                                Groups 1, 3, 4

                        II                               all

2.3                   I - III                         all

2.4                   I                                all

                        II                               Groups 1, 2, 7, 8

                        III                             all

2.5                   N/A                            1-20

 

3.1                   N/A                            1-10

3.2                   I - II                          all

3.3                   I – III                        all

3.4                   I – III                        all

 

4.1                   N/A                            all

4.2                   I - IV                         all

4.3                   I - III                         all

4.4                   I - III                         all

                        IV                              1-10

4.5                   I – II                         all

                        IV                              all

4.6                   I – II                         all

4.7                   I                                all

 

5.1                   I - V                           all

5.2                   I                                1-10

5.3                   I – II                         all

5.4                   N/A                            1-6

5.5                   N/A                            all

 

6.1                   I – III                        all

6.2                   I – IV                         all

6.3                   I-II                            all

                        III                             1-5

6.4                   I                                all

                        II                               1-10

6.5                   I                                1-5

6.6                   I                                all

                        II                               1-10

                        III                             1-3

 

7.1                   I                                all

                        II                               1-5

                        III                             1-5

7.2                   I                                all

                        II                               1-5

                        III                             1-5

7.3                   I                                all

                        II                               1-5

                        III                             1-5

7.4                   I                                all

                        II                               1-5

                        III                             1-5

 

 


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